It was not immediately clear whether anyone was injured. The quake struck some 15 kilometers (about 9 miles) southeast of Bodrum, the USGS said.
Bodrum is a popular resort for both Turks and foreigners on holidays during the summer months.
"We shook throughout the night, again very heavily this morning," one witness told Reuters via telephone. "I put on my shoes and went into another room and it was shaking the entire time, it lasted a long time."
The earthquake is the latest to rock the Aegean region this summer. Last month, a powerful quake killed two people on the Greek holiday island of Kos, sending tourists fleeing into the streets and causing disruption in Bodrum as well.
In June, a powerful 6.3 magnitude quake struck Turkey's western coast and the Greek island of Lesbos, killing one person and rattling buildings from the Turkish province of Izmir to the Greek capital of Athens.