Turnbull did not specify the details of the request from NATO's military authorities, which he received during a visit to Afghanistan late last month, although he said he was "open" to the idea.
"We are certainly open to increasing our work there, but we've obviously got to look at the commitments of the Australian Defence Force in other parts of the region and indeed in other parts of the world," Turnbull told reporters in Sydney.
"It is very important that we continue - we and our other allies in the effort in Afghanistan - continue to work together," he said.
Australia currently has nearly 300 troops stationed in Afghanistan, training and advising Afghan forces.