House members backed the measure, which also imposes sanctions on Iran and North Korea, by a near unanimous margin of 419-3, with strong support from Trump's fellow Republicans as well as Democrats, despite objections from Trump, who wanted more control over the ability to impose sanctions.
The sanctions bill coincided with lawmakers taking steps to show they are willing to push hard as they investigate possible meddling by Russia in the 2016 presidential election and potential collusion by Republican Trump's campaign.
Moscow has denied it worked to influence the election in the Republican candidate's favor, and Trump has denied his campaign colluded.
House Speaker Paul Ryan called the bill "one of the most expansive sanctions packages in history."