Although Iran and Turkey have collaborated recently, the two authoritarian states often find themselves on conflicting sides of regional clashes.
By MAYA CARLINTURKISH PRESIDENT Recep Tayyip Erdogan greets Iranian President Hassan Rouhani in Ankara, September 2020(photo credit: ERDEM SAHIN/REUTERS)
Shifting blocs in the Middle East should have Iran and Turkey worried.In a September 9 video conference, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Iranian President Hassan Rouhani pledged to target Kurdish forces in joint military operations. Both countries agreed that the Kurdistan Worker’s Party (PKK) and its affiliates – especially the People’s Protection Units (YPG), an affiliate in Syria, and the Kurdistan Free Life Party (PJAK), an affiliate in Iran – pose significant threats to the security of their countries. The PKK has been recognized as a terrorist organization by Turkey, the US and the European Union.Turkey has been fighting Kurdish rebellions since the early 20th century, long before the 1984 establishment of the PKK. Over the last year, however, Ankara has significantly increased its foothold in Northern Iraq and has waged more frequent operations against PKK targets. In June, in a set of joint operations with Iran, Turkey carried out various air and land operations targeting over 150 suspected PKK member positions. Two days later, Tehran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps. began shelling suspected targets in the Iraqi province of Erbil close to the Iraq-Iran border.Although Iran and Turkey have collaborated recently, the two authoritarian states often find themselves on conflicting sides of regional clashes. In Syria, for example, Iran and Russia remain the leading foreign supporters of President Bashar Assad’s forces, while Ankara supports opposition fighters, including some radical elements. Turkish forces are responsible for the killings of dozens of Iranian-back militia members earlier this year in Idlib. In March, Ankara accused two Iranian intelligence officers of murdering dissident Masoud Mlavi Vardanjani in late 2019.Despite these glaring areas of contention, Turkey and Iran are currently deepening their partnership. In late August, a Hamas leadership delegation met with President Erdogan in Istanbul. Hamas, a US-designated terrorist organization largely funded by Iran, violently seized control of the Gaza strip in 2007. On September 7, the Hamas representative in Tehran, Khaled Al-Qaddoumi, announced the need for a strengthened alliance between Turkey, Iran and Qatar. Al-Qaddoumi reiterated that he hopes the three countries “move towards more proper and strategic steps in favor of the unity of the Muslim Ummah and facing the common enemy.”Additionally, Turkey and Iran found similar ground in condemning United Arab Emirates’ peace agreement with Israel. This historic accord brokered by US President Trump would involve a “normalization of relations” in exchange for Israel suspending its planned extension of sovereignty over sections of Judea and Samaria. This landmark agreement marks the third peace treaty between Israel and an Arab state. While many members of the international community applauded this peace deal, Iran and Turkey immediately castigated it, accusing the UAE of abandoning the Palestinians.On September 10, Arab League member states gathered and officially condemned Ankara and Tehran’s interference in Arab countries. The Secretary General of the Arab League, Ahmed Abu Al Ghait, emphasized that Iran and Turkey’s “growing bullying and hostility” across the region and stressed the need for a unified Arab front to counter their mounting aggressions. Member states pointed to the Turkish-Iranian joint attacks in Northern Iraq, denouncing them as violations of international laws and sovereignty of states.A similar denouncement against Iran and Turkey was made in late August during a summit between Iraq, Jordan and Egypt. This highly touted gathering focused on improving ties among the three countries and supporting Baghdad’s newly instated Prime Minister, Mustafa Al-Kadhimi, in his mission to limit foreign intervention in his country. This potential new alliance would severely limit Iran’s malign influence in the region, especially if it were to expand to the Gulf and include Saudi Arabia.Iranian regime officials are aware that a strong opposition alliance would hinder their regional efforts and limit their ability to infiltrate sovereign neighbors. Similarly, Turkey has been testing its fellow NATO-member Greece, along with Cyprus, Egypt and the UAE with aggressive threats in recent months. Erdogan and Rouhani understand that in order for them to continue on the path of violating international law and rules of sovereignty, they must unite and counter those who threaten these ambitions.The writer is a master’s degree candidate in counter-terrorism and homeland security at IDC Herzliya’s Lauder School of Government.
