Biden aides have ramped up planning for the long-expected launch of the president's bid for a second, four-year term in 2024.
Biden's expected pitch is to "finish the job" after a first term that included several legislative wins, federal funds to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic and for new infrastructure.
Russia has not made public any evidence to support the charges, under which Gershkovich faces up to 20 years in jail.
Some classified documents dated from Biden's tenure as US Senate, where he represented Delaware from 1973 to 2006.
Friday's event will mark a rare moment for Biden to wade into the live issues stoked by the deadly riot by supporters of former President Donald Trump.