Police found the artworks in a storage room in Baena - a town near Cordoba - and said a married couple had been arrested on suspicion of trying to sell art treasures on the black market.
Surrounding the mausoleum, archaeologists discovered 80 Roman burials, copper bracelets from the period, glass beads, a bone comb, more coins, and some pottery.
Battir is named for Betar (sometimes spelled Beitar), the rugged hill location of a Jewish battle for human freedom.
Each of the stone sculptures was three times the size of a human head.
The carving features three distinct elements - a human face, a cornucopia and a phallus - within a space measuring 57 x 42 centimeters.
The cargo shipment of marble items had been known to the Israel Antiquities Authority for years, but because it was covered in sand, its exact location was unknown.
This discovery also showed that Egypt was a gateway between the East and the Roman Empire.
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