Battir is named for Betar (sometimes spelled Beitar), the rugged hill location of a Jewish battle for human freedom.
Each of the stone sculptures was three times the size of a human head.
The carving features three distinct elements - a human face, a cornucopia and a phallus - within a space measuring 57 x 42 centimeters.
The cargo shipment of marble items had been known to the Israel Antiquities Authority for years, but because it was covered in sand, its exact location was unknown.
This discovery also showed that Egypt was a gateway between the East and the Roman Empire.
The Nabatean temple was dedicated to the god Dushara and is believed to date back to a time when Nabataean people lived in the Phlegrean Peninsula.
Researchers believe Romans travelled by camel between the camps.
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